Types
of Errors
Surface
strategy taxonomy from Dulay et al. (1982) is used to analyze the errors of
this study. Surface strategy taxonomy analyzes the change of the surface
structures of the sentences. This taxonomy analyzes the errors in which
learners may omit, add, misform, or even misorder components of the sentence.
Based on the surface taxonomy strategy, errors are classified intoomission
error, addition error, misformation, andmisordering. Omission Errors Omission
error is one kind of errors that is made by the second semester students of
English Department of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah Pringsewu
Lampung.
Omission
errors are identified by the absence of an item or morpheme that must appear in
a well-formed utterance (Dulay et al., 1982). This error can happen when the
learners miss some required components from their sentences. The learners omit
components which is necessary for the sentences which is considered
grammatically correct.
Addition
Error
Next
type of error made by the students in making simple present tense composition
or sentences is addition error. Addition error can be said as the opposite of
omissions error type. Addition error is characterized by the presence of an
item which is unnecessary or mostly not appearin well-formed sentences. It
means that the speakers or the writers add some words that should not appear in
the sentences they made.
There
are three types of this kind of error. They are double marking, regularization,
and simple addition. There was only one type of addition errors that was made
by the students, namely, addition of double marking. For addition error type,
the students got 0.23 percentage of all error types.
Addition
of Double Marking
Double
marking is errors in which the learners fail to delete certain required
components and give more than one marking in constructing sentences. The
example of this kind of errors is:
The
sentence “You are do not eat some bread with me” is grammatically incorrect.
This sentence is categorized into negative sentence by the presence of the word
“not”. Simple present tense formula said that the negative simple present tense
form should be added with the auxiliary verb “do/does” and followed with the
word “not”. The auxiliary verb “do” is for subjects “I”, “we”, “you”, “they”
and the other plural nous and the auxiliary verb “does” is for the subject
pronouns “he”, “she”, “it” or the person, noun and thing that refer to one of
the pronouns. Actually, the students have added the auxiliary verb “do” and
“not” for the subject “you” as the indicator of the negative sentence type but
this sentence is still incorrect. The incorrectness of this sentence is that
the students have added two double auxiliary verbs for one subject in one
simple sentence, they are auxiliary verbs “are” and “do” after subject “you”.
Based on the simple present tense formula, there is no double auxiliary verb
the auxiliary verb in one sentence. This type of the sentence is verbal
sentence, so the auxiliary verb “are” should be omitted or deleted from the
sentence because this is verbal simple present tense type and the subject of
the sentence is “you”. Thus, the revised sentence should be: You do not eat
some bread with me.
Sumber : English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa
Inggris p-ISSN 2086-6003 Vol 9 (2), 2016, 461-479
Find the Passive Voice Sentences and change it into Active
Voice or Active Voice Sentences and change it into Passive Voice Sentences
1. Surface
strategy taxonomy from Dulay et al. (1982) is used to analyze the errors of
this study (Active Voice)
This
study is used to analyzed the errors Surface strategy taxonomy (1982) by Dulay
et al. (Passive voice)
2. This
taxonomy analyzes the errors in which learners may omit, add, misform, or even
misorder components of the sentence (Active Voice)
Omit,
add, misform, or even misorder components of the sentence This taxonomy be
could analyzes the errors by learners (Passive voice)
3. Omission
error is one kind of errors that is made by the second semester students of English
Department of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung
(Passive voice)
Students
Omission error is one kind of errors that is made the second semester of English
Department of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung
(Active voice)
4. Double
marking is errors in which the learners fail to delete certain required
components and give more than one marking in constructing sentences (Passive
voice)
The
learners fail to delete Double marking is errors in which certain required
components and give more than one marking in constructing sentences (Active
Voice)
5. The
incorrectness of this sentence is that the students have added two double
auxiliary verbs for one subject in one simple sentence (Passive voice)
The
students had The incorrectness added two double auxiliary verbs for one subject
in one simple sentence (Active Voice)
Make 12 sentences of Passive Voice and Active Voice using the
following tenses (Simple Present, Simple Past, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Simple
Future, Future Perfect, Past Future Perfect, present continuous, perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future
continuous, and past future continuous)
1. simple present tense
·
Active : She waters this
plant every two days.
·
Passive : This plant is
watered by her every two days.
2. simple past tense
·
Active : He met them
yesterday
·
Passive : They were met by
him yesterday
3. present perfect tense
·
Active : She
has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
·
Passive : This plant
has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
4. past perfect tense
·
Active : He had
met them before I came.
·
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
5. simple future tense
·
Active : The
farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
·
Passive : The
crops are going to be harvested
by the farmers next week.
6. future perfect tense
·
Active : She will
have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
· Passive : This plant will
have been watered by her before I get here this
afternoon.
afternoon.
7. past future perfect tense
·
Active : She
would have watered this plant.
·
Passive : This
plant would have been watered
by her.
8. present continuous tense
·
Active : He is
meeting them now.
·
Passive : They are being met by him now.
9. perfect continuous tense
·
Active : He has
been meeting them.
·
Passive : They have been being met by him.
10. past perfect continuous tense
·
Active : She
had been watering this plant.
·
Passive : This
plant had been being watered
by her.
11. future continuous tense
·
Active : He
will be meeting them.
·
Passive : They will be being met by him.
12. past future continuous tense
·
Active : He
would be meeting them.
·
Passive : They would be being met by him.
