The Stentences Active and Passive

THE SENTENCES ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

Types of Errors

Surface strategy taxonomy from Dulay et al. (1982) is used to analyze the errors of this study. Surface strategy taxonomy analyzes the change of the surface structures of the sentences. This taxonomy analyzes the errors in which learners may omit, add, misform, or even misorder components of the sentence. Based on the surface taxonomy strategy, errors are classified intoomission error, addition error, misformation, andmisordering. Omission Errors Omission error is one kind of errors that is made by the second semester students of English Department of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung.

Omission errors are identified by the absence of an item or morpheme that must appear in a well-formed utterance (Dulay et al., 1982). This error can happen when the learners miss some required components from their sentences. The learners omit components which is necessary for the sentences which is considered grammatically correct.

Addition Error

Next type of error made by the students in making simple present tense composition or sentences is addition error. Addition error can be said as the opposite of omissions error type. Addition error is characterized by the presence of an item which is unnecessary or mostly not appearin well-formed sentences. It means that the speakers or the writers add some words that should not appear in the sentences they made.

There are three types of this kind of error. They are double marking, regularization, and simple addition. There was only one type of addition errors that was made by the students, namely, addition of double marking. For addition error type, the students got 0.23 percentage of all error types.

Addition of Double Marking

Double marking is errors in which the learners fail to delete certain required components and give more than one marking in constructing sentences. The example of this kind of errors is:

The sentence “You are do not eat some bread with me” is grammatically incorrect. This sentence is categorized into negative sentence by the presence of the word “not”. Simple present tense formula said that the negative simple present tense form should be added with the auxiliary verb “do/does” and followed with the word “not”. The auxiliary verb “do” is for subjects “I”, “we”, “you”, “they” and the other plural nous and the auxiliary verb “does” is for the subject pronouns “he”, “she”, “it” or the person, noun and thing that refer to one of the pronouns. Actually, the students have added the auxiliary verb “do” and “not” for the subject “you” as the indicator of the negative sentence type but this sentence is still incorrect. The incorrectness of this sentence is that the students have added two double auxiliary verbs for one subject in one simple sentence, they are auxiliary verbs “are” and “do” after subject “you”. Based on the simple present tense formula, there is no double auxiliary verb the auxiliary verb in one sentence. This type of the sentence is verbal sentence, so the auxiliary verb “are” should be omitted or deleted from the sentence because this is verbal simple present tense type and the subject of the sentence is “you”. Thus, the revised sentence should be: You do not eat some bread with me.

Sumber            : English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris p-ISSN 2086-6003 Vol 9 (2), 2016, 461-479

Find the Passive Voice Sentences and change it into Active Voice or Active Voice Sentences and change it into Passive Voice Sentences

1.      Surface strategy taxonomy from Dulay et al. (1982) is used to analyze the errors of this study (Active Voice)

This study is used to analyzed the errors Surface strategy taxonomy (1982) by Dulay et al. (Passive voice)

2.      This taxonomy analyzes the errors in which learners may omit, add, misform, or even misorder components of the sentence (Active Voice)

Omit, add, misform, or even misorder components of the sentence This taxonomy be could analyzes the errors by learners (Passive voice)

3.      Omission error is one kind of errors that is made by the second semester students of English Department of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung (Passive voice)

Students Omission error is one kind of errors that is made the second semester of English Department of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung (Active voice)

4.      Double marking is errors in which the learners fail to delete certain required components and give more than one marking in constructing sentences (Passive voice)

The learners fail to delete Double marking is errors in which certain required components and give more than one marking in constructing sentences (Active Voice)

5.      The incorrectness of this sentence is that the students have added two double auxiliary verbs for one subject in one simple sentence (Passive voice)

The students had The incorrectness added two double auxiliary verbs for one subject in one simple sentence (Active Voice)

Make 12 sentences of Passive Voice and Active Voice using the following tenses (Simple Present, Simple Past, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Simple Future, Future Perfect, Past Future Perfect, present continuous, perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous, and past future continuous)

1.    simple present tense

·         Active              : She waters this plant every two days.

·         Passive            : This plant is watered by her every two days.

2.    simple past tense

·         Active              : He met them yesterday

·         Passive            : They were met by him yesterday

3.    present perfect tense

·         Active              : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.

·         Passive            : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

4.    past perfect tense

·         Active              : He had met them before I came.

·         Passive            : They had been met by him before I came.

5.    simple future tense

·         Active              : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week

·         Passive            : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

6.    future perfect tense

·         Active              : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.

·       Passive            : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this
afternoon.

7.    past future perfect tense

·         Active              : She would have watered this plant.

·         Passive            : This plant would have been watered by her.

8.    present continuous tense

·         Active              : He is meeting them now.

·         Passive            : They are being met by him now.

9.    perfect continuous tense

·         Active              : He has been meeting them.

·         Passive            : They have been being met by him.

10.  past perfect continuous tense

·         Active              : She had been watering this plant.

·         Passive            : This plant had been being watered by her.

11.  future continuous tense

·         Active              : He will be meeting them.

·         Passive            : They will be being met by him.

12.  past future continuous tense

·         Active              : He would be meeting them.

·         Passive            : They would be being met by him.